African American Students From Special Education - 1485 Words

The study also implies that all African American students are less likely than their European American colleagues to be withdrawn from special education. These African American students may exhibit lower achievement gains while in special education, according to the U.S. Department of Education, 2004 (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). In 2006, the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights reported that African American students represent 17.13% of the total public school population while they account for more than 26% of the children served in special education classrooms (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). Across all ethnic groups, African American students are at the highest risk of being placed in special education (Harry Klinger, 2006). According to researcher Banks, once labeled as having a learning disability, African American students are less likely to be given the opportunity to be tested out of the remedial classes. (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013) In addition, an African American student who is in special education is more likely to be a male student than a female student according to Banks and Hughes. The Boston Globe reports that there are 1.9 million girls and 3.8 million boys in America classified as special education students (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). Recent educational statistics indicate that African American male students represent only 9% of the total school age population. However, African American Male students accountShow MoreRelatedAn Interview About Special Education920 Words   |  4 Pagesin an interview about the disproportionality of African Americans students in special education programs. In the interest of confidentiality, the interviewee’s name will not be disclosed throughout this paper. To discuss questions surrounding the aforementioned topic, it was important to gather the educator’s experiences about special education programs in general. In her third year of teaching she ta ught in a self-contained classroom, where students had severe and profound disabilities. She quotedRead MoreAfrican American Students And Special Education923 Words   |  4 PagesIn education, the main goal is for all students to receive an equal and optimal opportunity for success, which also includes students with special needs. To ensure this aim is reached, schools ought to have measures in place to establish students who necessitate special education services to achieve and progress in their schooling. Contradictory to this idea, nonetheless, learners are inaccurately referred for special education placement. The process begins to become questionable when it happensRead MoreEducation Is Not Preparation For Life1350 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.† If one accepts the quote by John Dewey to be true, then depriving someone of their education is depriving them of their life. Throughout the centuries, human beings have sought educational freedom. The United States of America has become a symbol for all who seek life, or education rather. Millions of people come to the United States, from less privileged countries, each year in hopes for a better education that is coupled with aRead MoreEducation Is Not Preparation For Life1354 Words   |  6 PagesEducation: The Key to Success â€Å"Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.† If one accepts the quote by John Dewey to be true, then depriving someone of their education is depriving them of their life. Throughout the centuries, human beings have sought educational freedom. The United States of America has become a symbol for all who seek life, or education rather. Millions of people come to the United States, from less privileged countries, each year in hopes for a better educationRead MoreThe Importance Of A Child s Race Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesas needing special education. Disproportionality refers to the overrepresentation and under- representation of particular demographic groups in special education programs in relation to the overall student population (Disproportionality, 2008). Disproportionality can impact and have negative effects on a child throughout their entire education. This issue applies to various subgroups, but this paper will focus specifically on the o verrepresentation of minority students, African Americans in particularRead MoreSpecial Education in Classrooms Across America Essay708 Words   |  3 Pageslinguistically appropriate as well as based on core standards. Special education gives children instruction based upon their unique needs based on a documented disability. Student disabilities often involve mental, physical, emotional and behavioral issues that makes instruction a challenge. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants,Read MoreAfrican American Males s Education1399 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American males struggle every day to prove their worth in an educational setting. According to society these young men are when it comes to their peers. Early education or daycare is a child’s first educational learning experience outside the home. Howev er, not all African American males have this experience. A handful of African American males miss the opportunity to experience the positive benefits of learning social and cognitive skills. As a result, the absence of the early educationRead MoreThe Race And Ethnicity Of The District Population826 Words   |  4 PagesOne Introduction The total students in the district population, for the 2012-2013 school year, is totaled at 2,329. Of these students, 74% come from low-income families, 4% are English Learners, 16% are labeled with disabilities, and 1% are homeless. The race and ethnicity of the district population is as follows: 1% are Asian, 46% are African-American, 25% are Hispanic, 23% are white, and 5% are two or more races. There are 822 female students and 876 male students enrolled in school throughoutRead MoreThe Specific Learning Disability992 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionality is defined as the â€Å"overrepresentation† and â€Å"under-representation† of a particular population or demographic group in special or gifted education programs relative to the presence of this group in the overall student population (National Association for Bilingual Education, 2002). So many factors are responsible for this disproportionality, but the key factors, as apparent from researchers are; (1) gender difference, (2) overrepresentation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse CLD populationRead MoreA Personal Reflection Of The Podcast945 Words   |  4 PagesSamuel Otten, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education at the University of Missouri (http://mathed.podomatic.com/entry/2013-06-10T19_14_44-07_00). Chazan and Clark, both professors in the Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership, joined Otten to discuss the Special Issue in Teachers College Record (Vol. 115, No. 2) which focuses on the impact of African American mathematics teachers in urban schools. Interview Summary The Special Issue in Teachers College Record was comprised

Organ Donation - 1636 Words

Compensation for Organ Donation Many people’s lives come to an end earlier than expected. When this happens, families mourn the loss of the loved one. However, do people mourn the loss of another life if the individual is not an organ donor? The National Kidney Foundation believes that â€Å"legalizing payments of human organs† should continue to be opposed, as codified in the third title of the National Organ Transplant Act. (National Kidney Foundation 220). If this title is changed, then there will be multiple unexpected side effects that could corrupt the system of organ donation to people who need the organs. What exactly would define the price of saving a life? Who is paying the cost of the organ? Many things could backlash from the†¦show more content†¦Organ receivers around the country would have to have the money to pay for the organ before having the procedure done. These issues could ultimately affect all economically disadvantaged people in need of organs. The cost of a kidney is easily in the range of thousands to hundred-thousands of dollars. Being paid to donate an organ would include monetary rewards, free or cheaper insurance, or a lower cost of taxes. This may highly appeal to people with lower incomes, or the economically disadvantaged. These statements were released by the National Kidney Foundation: Offering money for organs can be viewed as an attempt to coerce economically disadvantaged Americans to participate in organ donation. Furthermore, since the economically disadvantaged have been shown to be less likely to be organ transplant candidates, financial incentives for organ donation could be characterized as exploitation (National Kidney Foundation 221). This contingency comes to state that the financially disadvantaged are proven to be less likely to donate. Therefore, financial compensation may pressure some people into donating organs despite the health risks. Financial compensation may argue against itself. A key example is that some people may not be able to afford medical bills, so they decide to donate a kidney to pay other bills. However, if the donation of a kidney worsens theShow MoreRelated Organ Donation Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation is a topic which contains many conflicting views. To some of the public population organ donation is a genuine way of saving the life of another, to some it is mistrusted and to others it is not fully understood. There are some techniques that can be used to increase donation. Of these techniques the most crucial would be being educated. If the life threatening and the critical shortage of organs was fully understood by the public, organ donation wouldRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Donations Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesPreviously organ donation has encountered organ donors and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands decreased as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives, the significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result organ donation mission is toRead MoreOrgan Donation. â€Å"Organ Donation Is Not A Tragedy, But It1112 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation â€Å"Organ donation is not a tragedy, but it can be a beautiful light, in the midst of one† (Unknown). There has been many disbeliefs about donating your organs over the years. The organ demand drastically exceeds the available supply, which is why more people need to be organ donors. People should become organ donors because of the limited availability of organs and the chance to save many lives. Although many people think that if you are an organ donor doctors won’t try as hard toRead MoreOrgan Donation2096 Words   |  9 Pages stat! After applying yourself to be a recipient for a donation, you will be added to the waiting list for that organ. This can take months, if not years. Receiving an organ can be sudden whenever an organ match has been found for you. We should reevaluate organ donation due to someone’s personal religion, inability to benefit the poor, numerous hospital visits, and potential endangerment to their own well being. Therefore, in 2009, organ transplants became a demand everywhere so abruptly thatRead MoreOrgan Donation And Organ Organs Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesOrgan donations have encountered organ donor and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands increase as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation’s mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives. The significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result, the mission of organ donations are toRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Organs1054 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation occurs when a failing or damaged organ, is replaced with a new organ, through a surgical operation. The two sources of organs for donation come from a deceased person and a living person. The organs that are received from a deceased person are called cadaveric organs. A person can indicate on his or her driver’s license if they want to be an organ donor after they die. There are some states that allow for family consent for organ removal, regardless if the deceasedRead MoreIs Organ Donation Or Not?1486 Words   |  6 Pageswill happen if they ever donate their organ/s or tissue’s. Most look upon people who donate organ/s as generous. Others even applaud them for being a lifesaver. The question that lingers on many: Is it proper to charge for the organ donations or not? According to the Mayo Clinic, in United States alone, over 100,000 individuals are in the offing for an organ donation. Regrettably, several individuals may at no time procure the bid that a fit benefactor of an organ matches his or her— one more wagerRead MoreOrgan Donation1163 Words   |  5 PagesBut by becoming an organ donor, you can be able to say â€Å"I will save a life.† Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far too many die before they are provided with a suitable organ. There are many shamesRead Moreorgan donation1007 Words   |  5 Pagesyou would help someone after you have passed on. Organ and tissue donation is a topic that does not get enough attent ion. Ninety-five percent of Americans say that they support donation yet the number of registered donors is much smaller (www.organdonor.gov). Anyone can sign up to be a donor. After death you can donate your organs. Each day 18 people will die waiting on organs. Tissues are also able to be donated. The age of donation do not matter. Some mothers donate the blood of theRead MoreOrgan Donation1237 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Well, my cousin was five years old when

Hamlet the Sentimental Dreamer - 1589 Words

Hamlet: The Sentimental Dreamer The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark is William Shakespeare’s most well-known and analyzed work of literature. As the play unfolds, Hamlet has to face the difficult task of seeking revenge against his uncle, Claudius, for the murder of his father, King Hamlet. Hamlet has captured audiences and readers for centuries and has caused much inquiry and debate. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a very psychologically complex character. Throughout the play, Hamlet conveys two different sides; the young, emotional and intelligent prince, who is committed to honesty and loyalty; and his destructive and impulsive side which led to the death of Polonius and nonchalantly sent Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths as†¦show more content†¦2.2.634-35). This quote means that Hamlet will study Claudius during the performance of the play, and should he change his behavior, he will know that the Ghost’s story was true and he can now take revenge. Even despite the fact .that Hamlet now knows that Claudius killed his father, he still delays his actions. This goes on to show that Hamlet is an intellectual dreamer. Hamlet gets a perfect opportunity to kill Claudius but he neglects to kill him because he is in prayer. Hamlet delays in action of seeking revenge against Claudius when he quotes, â€Å"Now might I do it(pat,) now he is a-praying, and now I’ll do it/ And so he goes to heaven/ And so am I(revenged.) That would be scanned: A villan kills my father, and for that/ I, his sole son, do this same villain send to Heaven† (Ham. 3.3.77-83). Hamlet’s rationale for this was that he assumed Claudius was confessing his sins, and his death would send him to heaven. For Hamlet, taking revenge is just not about killing Claudius, but making sure that he suffers, another deeply thought-out belief. Hamlet is too much of a thinker and not enough of an actor. Even when Hamlet is given the opportunity to carry out his intentions, he delays and re asons himself out of it. Hamlet does have an almost excessive desire to reason everything through thoroughly. As a dreamer, Hamlet is lacking of that strength which would carry him through his actions.

Reflection for Interdisciplinary Collaboration -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theReflection for Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Answer: Collaboration is essential in teamwork. One of the most important features of effective teamwork is collaboration among the team-members (Derry et al. 2014). The various new ways of collaboration that I have successfully learned includes communicating effectively with the teammates, along with creating reliable dependency among each other. While working in a team, I have realised that there are some skills that I posses and some that I need to develop, to be a good team player. Some of my skills, which are effective for being a team player, include communication skills, leadership skills, and coordination skills (Ku et al. 2013). As a successful team member, I am able to communicate effectively, which is essential to work successfully in a team. I am able to communicate clearly and convey the correct information to my team members, thus mitigating the chances of miscommunication and misunderstandings. Moreover, I display effective leadership skills as well. I am able to lead the memb ers of my team towards the successfully completion of the goals. I help my team members, along with helping them to understand the requirement of the project. Moreover, with my effective coordination skills, I am able to assist in coordination of the work, among the team members. Thus, with these skills that I posses, I am able to work successfully as a team member. However, some of the skills that I need to develop include conflict resolution skills, time management skills as well as control of emotions. Conflicts are common in any team. However, it is important that the conflicts are resolved as soon as they occur, before the conflicts are intensified. This is one of the essential skills that I need to develop, in order to ensure better team management. Moreover, time-management is also essential, so that I am able to manage multiple work, in a short period of time. Collaboration is very important in a team. The coordination among the team members was good. However, the lack of responsibility among some of the team members was frustrating. Chosen as a team leader, I had the responsibility to instruct my team members, in order to complete the task given to our team. This was quite a challenge since each of the team members had their own outlook and the differences of opinion that I had with them, created a major issue. However, my team members accepted my leadership well and together we were able to respect the differences of opinion among each other, to ensure the success of the team (Maldonado and Vera 2014). The difficulties were in the differences of opinion that I had with my team members. However, with the skills of conflict resolution, we were able to ensure the successful mitigation of the difficulties. I should ensure that the team members understand the differences of opinion successfully and come to a common conclusion so that conflicts could be resolved. Giving instructions is difficult since the person receiving the instructions might not be aligned successfully to work according to the given instructions. The person to whom I am instructing, might have a different way of working, thus creating conflicts. ` The key changes that are needed in order to ensure effective behaviour as an engineer, includes time management and self-management (Robertson 2016). Time management has a key role to play in the lives of engineers, as a number to tasks are to be carried out simultaneously, as an engineer, and without time-management, it is not possible. Self-management skills need to be enhanced as well. Ethics play an important role in the lives of an engineer. I need to abide by the ethical standards in order to ensure that the ethics of working are successfully met. As an engineer, being unethical is not desirable. I should ensure that I abide with the values and moral imparted to me as a person as well as a professional, in order to ensure that I abide with the ethics. Changes in the behaviour need to be made, such that as engineers, the given work could be completed successfully. Positivity in the behaviour, along with the diligence to work successfully, to achieved the goals that are set, has to be incorporated. The changes in the behaviour ensure that the changes in the working culture are also initiated. Time management has a key role to play. It is essential that effective planning be done, in order to manage the time. Without effective planning, time management cannot be done (Rosemann and vom Brocke 2015). Moreover, multiple task has to be scheduled according to the priority of each task, such that each of the tasks are completed successfully on time (Schoemaker et al. 2013). The best behaviour in time management is planning and scheduling. Planning has to be done diligently, along with abiding strictly to the plan. Deflection from the plan is not effective in time management. The worst behaviour in time-management is lack of planning, missing the set deadlines, as well as lack of prioritisation of the work. Therefore, I need to ensure that I do not miss the schedules, which I have made, as a part of my planning. The career that I would like to pursue is that of a Software engineer. I want to pursue this career, since it is my passion. Moreover, I would like to find my employment in a well-established multi-national company. The technical skills as well as the professional skills that I posses, needs to be fully used as a professional. While working in a multinational company, the various skills that I might need includes effective communication skills, presentation skills, diplomacy. The skills that I posse includes my technical skills as a software engineer, such as programming skills, software skills so that I am able to find employment in the multinational company of my choice. Thus, as an engineer, it is essential that I chose to pursue such a career that suits my personality traits, the best, so that I am able to align my personality with the profession. References Derry, S.J., Schunn, C.D. and Gernsbacher, M.A. eds., 2014.Interdisciplinary collaboration: An emerging cognitive science. Psychology Press. Ku, H.Y., Tseng, H.W. and Akarasriworn, C., 2013. Collaboration factors, teamwork satisfaction, and student attitudes toward online collaborative learning.Computers in Human Behavior,29(3), pp.922-929. Maldonado, T. and Vera, D., 2014. Leadership skills for international crises: The role of cultural intelligence and improvisation.Organizational Dynamics,43(4), pp.257-265. Robertson, J., 2016.Coaching leadership: Building educational leadership capacity through partnership. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. PO Box 3237, Wellington 6140 New Zealand. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schoemaker, P.J., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), pp.131-134.

Al Qaeda Training Manual free essay sample

A purported training manual for the Al Qaeda group was found by Manchester police in 2001 and released by the American Department of Justice around the same time. Translated from the Arabic, it outlines ways that members of the global jihad should act in the long-term goal of creating an all-Muslim ruled state. There are anecdotes about manners of behavior, lines from the Quran, and detailed lists of activities members should partake in to plan for â€Å"operations† against the non-Muslim community and leadership.This manual, if accepted as true Al Qaeda doctrine, has several implications for the counterterrorism community that all show the difficulty of an organized method for finding potential terror cells. The most important of these is the near-impossibility of detecting terrorists versus non-terrorists. The main reason for this is that in the manual potential terrorists are instructed as much as possible to blend into their environment. There is a variety of ways in which this can be done, including becoming clean-shaven in passport photos to deter any suspicions of strict Islam adherence (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Al Qaeda Training Manual or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 24,) the ability to speak the foreign country language well (p. 18), and â€Å"the ability to conceal oneself† (p. 21-22) to match the country in which the nascent terrorist resides. This forces counterterrorism officials to be almost paranoid in their detection of terrorists.This manual is aimed at a Muslim audience, but there is no way to discern Muslims from non-Muslims on the street, particularly if the Muslims are taking extra steps to appear secular. While it is true that this manual is written in Arabic and therefore singles out Arabs for purported questioning, this is not a precise screening method. Second, this document not only results in a weak method of spotting terrorists from a racial standpoint, but results in complications for financial transaction monitoring, as well. The manual dictates that users diversify all funds (p. 24) and not tell other â€Å"Organization† members about the location of these funds. This makes it difficult to trace terrorist monetary transactions. It also allows for safety of allocated funds if one member of the cell is caught and questioned as to the whereabouts of the remaining money of the entire organization.Finally, the document lists emotional or mental criteria such as intelligence, patience, and caution that make it nearly impossible to externally monitor suspects.These aspects make it extremely difficult to identify possible terrorists. However, the manual does provide some guidance in formulating hypothetical counterterrorism operations benchmarks. The first step would be to target any physical characteristics that are measured in the document. These include â€Å"free of illness,† (p. 18) and strict adherents of Islam which means that, theoretically, young men arriving from the Middle East should be targeted the most (Islam places an emphasis on men accomplishing tasks.) They may look freshly shaved or still have thick beards.For a more solid analysis, legal passport activity should be monitored. The training guide mentions that each member should change their name on their passport and not include any family members, as well as change his picture to include a version of the member as unshaved. They should also be in possession of multiple passports (p. 24). Details such as passport forgeries make terrorists easier to track, especially as they cross international borders.Finally, checks should be performed on frequent apartment renters or those who choose to rent but don’t have permanent citizenship in the country. The manual outlines specific procedures for apartment renting, indicating that members should rent in newer areas to avoid suspicion and hang signs, such as towels or pillows, so other members of the cell can join. The counterterrorism officials should be in cooperation with local officials to report suspicious activity in residential markets.In short, based on the Al Qaeda training manual, counterterrorism will not be easy in the years to come because of the specific ways of blending in that the manual suggests. However, with careful vigilance, the process of finding terrorists can be refined to be successful. Works Cited (2004). Al Qaeda Training Manual. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from Department of Justice.HR Training Class

Naturalism in Jack Londons To Build a Fire and The Call of the Wild

Table of Contents Thesis statement Analytical part Conclusion References Footnotes Thesis statement Nowadays, literary critics are being well aware of the fact that it was namely throughout the course of late 19th and early 20th centuries, that the naturalist motifs in European and American literature have come to their all-times-high prominence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Naturalism in Jack London’s To Build a Fire and The Call of the Wild specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, during the course of this historical period, more and more writers have been realizing that Darwin’s evolutionary theory, concerned with the survival of the fittest, correlates perfectly well with the essence of human societies’ inner dynamics. As it was noted by Cuddy and Roche (2003): â€Å"[In early 20th century] The notion of the survival of the fit test in relation to inherited traits and response to environmental factors became fertile conceptual ground for literary analysis of human nature and society† (22). The validity of such an idea can be well explored in regards to the literary legacy of one of America’s greatest writers – Jack London, as the extreme naturalism of many of his short stories and novels conveys a clearly defined philosophical message – only the objectively existing laws of nature, to which people are being subjected as much as plants and animals, which should be thought of as the basis of true ethics. According to McClintock (1970): â€Å"Since, for London, science had dislodged idealistic concepts of man, his temperament insisted that affirmations of the human condition, too, have a scientifically justifiable rationale† (336). Therefore, it comes as no surprise that in literary works of Jack London, naturalist motifs do not only serve the purpose of increasing the extent of plot’s emotional appeal, but they are also being expected to enlighten readers on the true essence of their existential mode. In this paper, we will aim to substantiate the validly of an earlier articulated thesis at length, while exploring the emanations of literary naturalism in London’s short story To Build a Fire and in the novel The Call of the Wild. Analytical part The close reading of London’s ‘Northern’ short stories and novels, points out to the fact that naturalistic themes and motifs, contained in them, are being utilized not only for the purpose of exposing a particular ease, with which a formerly civilized individual can be reduced to a primeval savage, while facing the elements, but also for the purpose of revealing a variety of Western ethical conventions conceptually fallacious, since they do not correspond to the essence of their carriers’ physiological functioning.Advertising Looking for research paper on american l iterature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Rossetti (2006) had put it: â€Å"Naturalism rebukes the primitive for his or her debasement. At the same time, however, it necessarily posits a privileged class and confirms that class’s elite status† (5). The soundness of this suggestion can be explored within the context of a following quote from To Build a Fire: â€Å"As he [traveler] turned to go on, he spat speculatively. There was a sharp, explosive crackle that startled him. He spat again. And again, in the air, before it could fall to the snow, the spittle crackled† (The World of Jack London). Apparently, the author had made a deliberate point in drawing readers’ attention to purely physiological process of spitting. Nevertheless, given story’s overall context, the fact that the traveler has been spitting rather excessively, does not degrade him in readers’ eyes, as this context confirm s the validity of London’s conviction that whatever is natural, cannot be referred to as ‘immoral’ or ‘anti-aesthetic’, by definition. In its turn, this explains why the apparent ‘distastefulness’ of London’s preoccupation with expounding upon utterly graphic aspects of human existence, clearly visible in this particular story, did not result in lessening the extent of story’s literary appeal. The same can be said about the effects of utilization of naturalist motifs in London’s novel The Call of the Wild, where author had gone a great length while describing physical violence’s mechanical subtleties with great precision. For example, in the scene where Buck receives his first ‘submission beating’, London appears to have deliberately strived to produce a heavy blow onto readers’ sense of aesthetic appropriateness: â€Å"The man, shifting the club from right to left, coolly caught him [Buck ] by the under jaw, at the same time wrenching downward and backward. Buck described a complete circle in the air, and half of another, then crashed to the ground on his head and chest† (11). It is needless to mention, of course, that the way, in which London had gone about describing the scene of Buck’s beating, can be best referred to as utterly graphic.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Naturalism in Jack London’s To Build a Fire and The Call of the Wild specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More And yet, given the fact that London had never made a point in treating the subject of violence as ‘thing in itself’, while aiming to simply entertain intellectually marginalized readers, we cannot be referring to this particular scene’s clearly defined naturalism as being distasteful, in semantic sense of this word. The earlier suggestion helps us to realize the essence of Londonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s literary talent. Apparently, unlike what it used to be the case with many of his writing contemporaries; he was not only able to benefit from tackling the issue of violence in intellectually honest manner, but also to show that, under no circumstances, should emanations of physical violence be regarded as ethically inappropriate, by definition, because in the natural environment, they do provide an additional momentum to the process living organisms becoming ever-more complex – hence, violence’s high morality.[1] In its turn, this explains the phenomenon of why it were author’s particularly naturalistic literary pieces that appealed to intellectually sophisticate readers the most – whatever the ironic it might sound. In his article, Nash (1966) states: â€Å"His [London’s] readers had little difficulty seeing the moral for their own lives of Buck’s reversion to the primitive. Significantly, London’s White Fang (1906), in whi ch a wolf becomes a family dog, never enjoyed the popularity of The Call of the Wild† (530). Thus, it will not be much of an exaggeration, on our part, to suggest that it is due to London naturalism’s strongly defined philosophical sounding that even today; most readers consider it contextually appropriate. Another reason why it is being the case is that London often exposes naturalistic themes and motifs in conjunction with his characters being on a great mission. For example, even though author’s description of traveler’s physical appearance in To Build a Fire, implies his lessened ability to conform to the conventions of Western civilized living: â€Å"The man’s red beard and mustache were likewise frosted†¦ Also, the man was chewing tobacco, and the muzzle of ice held his lips so rigidly that he was unable to clear his chin when he expelled the juice† (The World of Jack London), it nevertheless does not imply his lessened ability to act as such living’s actual agent. The reason for this is simple – in To Build a Fire, the character of a traveler never loses its cool, right to the very end. In its turn, this subtly confirms the sheer objectiveness of a so-called ‘White man’s burden’ notion. It is namely the fact that White people’s exposal to the hostile environment does not usually undermine their ability to face life’s challenges in a rational manner, which created objective preconditions for them to be given the mission of spreading the light of civilization throughout the world.[2] This is exactly the reason why in To Built a Fire, author’s utilization of naturalistic motifs invokes perceptional stoicism in readers.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Gurian (1966) had rightly noted: â€Å"Jack London’s men fight, as heroes, against surrounding force†¦ London depicts protagonists fighting to win in a causative naturalist universe† (112). By naturalistically juxtaposing the character of traveler against the hostile forces of nature, London provides readers with the insight onto Faustian workings of White people’s psyche. There can be very little doubt as to the fact that the strongly defined naturalism of many scenes in The Call of the Wild, serves essentially the same purpose. Given the fact that in this novel, dogs are being endowed with essentially human psychological traits, it comes as not a particular surprise that, while being exposed to the scenes of bloody rivalry between Buck and Spitz, readers gain a better understanding of what accounts for the essence of dynamics, within just about any human society. Apparently, London believed that the representatives of Homo Sapiens specie are nothing bu t primates, with the layer of their civilizational sophistication being only skin-deep.[3] Just as it is being the case with apes, people think of ensuring the propagation of their genes (through sexual mating) and of gaining a dominant position within social hierarchy, as such that represent their foremost priorities in life. Therefore, the following naturalistic scene, where Buck and Spitz fight to the death, while trying to ensure their dominance, within the pack, can be best referred to as perfectly connotative of how people go about gaining social prominence, within a society to which they happened to belong: â€Å"In vain Buck strove to sink his teeth in the neck of the big white dog. Wherever his fangs struck for the softer flesh, they were countered by the fangs of Spitz. Fang clashed fang, and lips were cut and bleeding, but Buck could not penetrate his enemy’s guard† (35). Apparently, throughout the course of his life, London never ceased being aware of a sim ple fact that, on this earth, there is simply no enough place under the sun for all – only the smartest and the strongest enjoy dialectically predetermined existential superiority. This is exactly the reason why there are clearly defined Social-Darwinist[4] undertones to naturalist themes and motifs, contained in both: The Call of the Wild and To Build a Fire. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to think that these motifs are being essentially nihilistic. According to Auerbach (1995), the utterly naturalist way in which London’s characters address life’s challenges, is itself can be thought as the source of a new morality, based upon people’s recognition of natural laws’ full objectivity: â€Å"This [Darwinian] struggle†¦ demands the dominance of one man over another; hence the origins of a master/slave dialectic†¦ by working, [slave] becomes master over nature, and in doing so frees himself from nature as well as from himself† (59). What it means that it is utterly inappropriate to refer to London’s literary naturalism as an indication of the fact that he thought of ‘primitiveness’ and ‘realness’ as basically synonymous concepts. Quite on the contrary – as the reading of The Call of the Wild and To Build a Fire points out to, characters’ exposal to naturalistically defined primitivism, on the part of nature itself (in the short story) and on the part of gold-seeking brutes and their dogs (in the novel), cannot be discussed outside of how it helped these characters to realize the sheer extent of their perceptional nobleness. Conclusion We believe that the line of argumentation, deployed throughout paper’s analytical part, confirms the validity of an initial thesis that the presence of naturalist motifs and themes in London’s The Call of the Wild and To Build a Fire, should be thought of as having philosophical rather than purely instrumental purpose. W hile never ceasing to treat readers in intellectually honest manner, sublimated in his tendency to provide graphically detailed accounts of characters’ struggle with the hostile environment and with viciously-minded competitors for the same environmental niche; London strived to promote an idea that it is only those capable of understanding the full spectrum of ‘survival of the fittest’ concept’s implications, who deserve to remain on the leading edge of biological evolution. Given the fact that, due to being subjected to ideological oppression of political correctness, more and more men in Western countries now grow exceedingly feminized, it is very likely that in the future, London’s literary naturalism is going to be increasingly referred to as such that contains clues as to very essence of masculine virtuousness. References Auerbach, Jonathan â€Å"Congested Mails’: Buck and Jack’s ‘Call†. American  Literature 67.1 ( 1995): 51-76. Carroll, Joseph. Literary Darwinism: Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature. New York: Routledge, 2004. Cuddy, Lois Roche, Claire. Evolution and Eugenics in American Literature and  Culture, 1880-1940: Essays on Ideological Conflict and Complicity. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2003. Gurian, Jay â€Å"The Romantic Necessity in Literary Naturalism: Jack London†.  American Literature 38.1 (1966): 112-120. Labor, Earle â€Å"Jack London’s Symbolic Wilderness: Four Versions†. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 17.2 (1962): 149-161. London, Jack â€Å"The Call of the Wild†. Ibiblio. The Public’s Library and Digital  Archive. 2011. Web. http://www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/London/Call%20of%20Wild.pdf London, Jack â€Å"To Build a Fire†. The World of Jack London. 2011. Web. McClintock, James â€Å"Jack London’s Use of Carl Jung’s Psychology of the Unconscious†. American Literature 42.3 (1970): 336-347. Mills, Gor don â€Å"Jack London’s Quest for Salvation†. American Quarterly 7.1 (1955): 3-14. Nash, Roderick â€Å"The American Cult of the Primitive†. American Quarterly 18.3 (1966): 517-537. Rossetti, Gina. Imagining the Primitive in Naturalist and Modernist Literature. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2006. Seitler, Dana. Atavistic Tendencies: the Culture of Science in American  Modernity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. Footnotes Gordon Mills. â€Å"Jack London’s Quest for Salvation†. American Quarterly 7.1 (1955),8. Earle Labor â€Å"Jack London’s Symbolic Wilderness: Four Versions†. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 17.2 (1962), 153. Dana Seitler. Atavistic Tendencies: the Culture of Science in American Modernity. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), 221. Joseph Carroll. Literary Darwinism: Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature. (New York: Routledge, 2004), 117. This research paper on Naturalism in Jack London’s To Build a Fire and The Call of the Wild was written and submitted by user AnneMarieHoag to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Unknown Rebel Essays

The Unknown Rebel Essays The Unknown Rebel Paper The Unknown Rebel Paper On the 5th Of June 1989 a single Chinese man stood up to a line of 18 tanks in Tiananmen Square. The image of him and his righteous act was broadcast all over the world as the image to forever illustrate one insignificant mans power to stand up to a virtually unstoppable force. Despite all efforts, Western Media Sources have been unable to discover his true identity so he has been dubbed The Unknown Rebel by Time Magazine and was included in their list of 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century. This man is considered a rebel because he went against the man and refused to do as told by the tanks standing in front of him. For the previous two days there had been horrendous violence occurring between student protesters and the Chinese Government with incidents of people being shot in the back by soldiers for their pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen square. His act was intrinsically rebellious because he stood in the way of the tanks and even moved left and right with the tank to further block its path in a defiant way. He was even seen to climb on top of the tank and say to the driver Why are you here? My city is in chaos because of you. He then climbed back down and bystanders pulled him back into the crowd as he receded into anonymity. The Chinese government is a force to be reckoned with and this unknown rebel must have been aware of they were capable of killing as martial law had been declared and thousands just like him had been killed in the preceding days. Only a true rebel would risk his life to defy the government and stand up to a line of 18 tanks. His image has been adopted by many people in many countries as a sign that every man can make a difference and do something major that impacts a large, diverse amount of people. It has been said that he was seen in his glorious moment by more people than ever laid eyes on Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein and James Joyce combined. This alone is indicative of the significance his one act had compared with the lifetime achievements of some men considered to be relatively more famous. The fact that after his act of rebellion he majestically disappeared into the crowd further adds to his image of the rebel. No one knows who he was, let alone what happened to him after that day. A year later, when an American reporter asked Chinese leader Jiang Zemin what had happened to the unknown rebel and he replied I think never killed. This mystery that surrounds the unknown rebel is one attribute that contributes to his image as a rebel due to the image that has been created around his anonymity. In conclusion, the unknown rebel of Tiananmen Square is a rebel because he has become a symbol for standing up against the big power at the risk of everything for something you believe in.