Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory - 2200 Words

Virginia Henderson's nursing theory (Essay Sample) Content: Virginia Henderson's nursing theory Name: Institution: Virginia Henderson's nursing theory Nursing concepts can be employed to clinical circumstances when taking of patients. To aid nurses make efficient clinical assessments in offering the best health care, awareness of nursing models and theories are utilized in their process of decision-making. To investigate a nursing concept, this paper will assess Henderson's nursing theory, its origins plus key components of the concept, its application to nursing, and general evaluation of the theory. Nursing theory refers to information of structured facts, laws, and principles linked to nursing experiences. Virginia Henderson's work is regard as a nursing concept since it encompasses a nursing definition, a nurse's function and the role, and essential nursing care needs. She focuses upon a patient's healthcare to assist them attain a degree of independence, and she supports her description with the fourteen elements of simple nursing care (Henderson, 1966). Henderson's nursing definition was printed in The Principles and Practice of Nursing. Virginia Henderson indicated that a nurse's unique role is to help a person, well or sick, in performing those activities that contribute to her or his health or recuperation (or to a pacific death), which he or she perform unassisted if he or she had the necessary will, strength, or information (Henderson, 1966). Henderson's essential nursing care In 1966, The Nature of Nursing: A Definition and Its Implications for Practice, Research and Education issued Henderson's 14 essential nursing care components (Halloran Thorson, 1996) they include: 1 Breath normally 2 Drink and Eat adequately 3 Eradicate body wastes 4 Move about and maintain necessary positions. 5 Sleep and rest. 6 Choose suitable clothes and unclothe. 7 Maintain body heat within the standard range through adjusting clothing plus adjusting the environment. 8 Maintain a clean body, well groomed, plus shield the integument. 9 Evade dangers within the environment plus avoid harming others. 10 Connect with others through expressing emotions, fears, needs, or sentiments. Worship with regard to one's religion. Work to attain a sense of achievement. Participate in different recreation forms. Learn, find out, or please the curiosity, which results to standard growth and health, plus utilize the existing health facilities. Henderson's work may be viewed as a nursing philosophy. She explains her views and opinions of simple nursing care that is printed in The Nature of Nursing: Reflections after 25 Years. Henderson also defines the nurses' affiliation to the patient through three levels in which the nurse works as a helper, partner, and substitute with the patient. Virginia Henderson affirms that the nurse should "get inside the skin of each of her patients in order to know what he needsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . According to Henderson (1991), an outstanding nurse can be evaluated through the following: * Reduced mortality rates amid those she attends. * Reduced morbidity rates in regard to certain illnesses or conditions, for instance, impetigo in babies, rickets in kids, and puerperal sepsis within mothers. * Reduction in nursing neglect symptoms such as incontinence or pressure sores. * Reduction in mental withdrawal symptoms, for example, mutism or negativism. * Reduction in reliance regarding daily undertakings or the level of rehabilitation attained. * Positive opinions of health care provided by the nurse to a patient as articulated by the patient's family, other nurses, patients or attendant medical personnel. Henderson's theory of nursing focuses upon the problems of the patient, nursing educating, and nursing care. Virginia's contributions to nursing practice and education influenced the nursing development. Nursing Theory Origins Theory development Henderson concept is vital to nursing. Henderson is recognized as the Mother of Modern Nursing. Henderson's definition started before the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"20's when Henderson was at an Army Nursing School as a nursing learner. Her clinical practice and nursing education helped influence plus shape the historical development of her description. Whereas Henderson abetted the sick, as well as wounded soldiers in WW1 she recognized nursing was more about the magnitude of quickly finishing nursing procedures (Henderson, 1960). Correspondingly, Henderson's nursing involvement in psychiatric was unsuccessful in providing insight on illness prevention. In pediatric health care, support of the family was not considered in the patient needs. In communal health nursing, her experiences encompassed the environment plus an individual's lifestyle. Once Henderson graduated in 1921, her education encompassed involvements in nursing, research and teaching, and nursing colleagues' influences that steer ed her to describe a nurse's function and role (Henderson, 1966). Henderson's definition is realized in other nursing concepts, for instance, the theory of Orem's self-care deficit and model of Orlando's nursing process. In 1953, Leo Simmons and Henderson's work in nursing development was printed in Nursing Research: A Survey and Assessment and Nursing Studies Index. Virginia continued to build upon her theory development all through her life while educating future nursing experts. Henderson's values and beliefs about nursing Henderson's nursing definition and the fourteen basic nursing needs define her beliefs and values that can be explained in the following account: "I believe that the function the nurse performs is primarily an independent one-that of acting for the patient when he lacks knowledge, physical strength, or the will to act for himself as he would ordinarily act in health, or in carrying out prescribed therapy. This function is seen as complex and creative, as offering unlimited opportunity for the application of the physical, biological, and social sciences, and the development of skills based on them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Henderson's beliefs and values about nursing incorporate a nurse's duty to offer the best healthcare for a patient; sustaining a patient's health balance; and cultivating skills and knowledge in nursing to connect with families, individuals, and communities (Henderson, 1991). Key elements of the Concept Meta-paradigm concepts The 4 basic meta-paradigm models in nursing consist of person, health, nursing, and environment. The person represents the patient's relations with the nurse to expedite communication. The environment may be a clinic, hospital, or home in which communication is taking place. Health entails an individual's well-being linked to the environment whiles entails integrating a care plan. Henderson's model of an individual or person comprises of 14 basic needs, which can be classified into psychological, biological, spiritual, and sociological elements. The physiological element comprises Henderson's 1-9 needs. The psychological element is the 10th and 14th need. Sociological include the 12th and 13th need while the spiritual element is the 11th need. A person needs strength and knowledge to perform undertakings of everyday living plus have the necessities for surviving. The well or sick individual needs assistance to be healthy, autonomous or die serenely plus there is a link between body a nd mind (Henderson, 1960). Henderson's environment concept includes a person's relation with family, society involvement, for instance public and private agencies that afford health care and the community to facilitate with nursing edification. Correspondingly, the environment has the ability hurt a healthy person through personal aspects, for example, age; and such physical factors as air pollution, which can cause disease (Henderson, 1991). Health is described by Henderson's 14 basic needs that require a person to perform efficiently. Henderson stresses the significance of promoting healthcare and averting diseases since optimal health might be hard for some people to obtain. Furthermore, she examines how such factors as age, emotional balance, race, and mental and physical abilities influence the health plus needs of a person. Henderson describes the concept of nursing to mean to care for a well or sick person until he or she has the capacity to care for herself or himself autonomously. Nursing encompasses having the capacity to operate as part of a healthcare team as stated by a personalized healthcare plan. Nursing entails understanding social humanities and sciences that have steered to nursing education. Moreover, knowledge of religious and social customs is vital to nursing when examining a person's health needs (Henderson, 1960). Propositions of the concept There are 3 main conceptions of Henderson's notion that are essential, include human needs, culture, interaction-communication, and bio-physiology. These notions connect to Henderson's nursing definition plus how they are vital nursing components. The 14 essential needs may be equated to Maslow's human needs hierarchy. Safety and physiological needs encompass Henderson's 1-9 needs. Belonging, love, self-actualization, and esteem needs comprise Henderson's 10-14 needs (Henderson, 1960). The concept of bio-physiology, in Henderson's model, uses human anatomy knowledge, and biological systems knowledge to discover the finest nursing care to assist a person get healthier or help arrange for a pacific death. The concept of culture includes society and family that also influences human needs. Within Henderson's model, the nurse could help a person attain these human requirements. The interaction-communication model is used to institute therapeutic relationships between nurses and patients, and family and friends (Henderson, 1991). The nurse mus...

Using ABC Countdowns to Summer in School

Lets face it. Everyones counting down the days until summer vacation—the students, the teachers, even the administrators! Instead of merely marking each passing day off on your calendar, make the countdown fun and give everyone something unique to look forward to! Whats the ABC Countdown? The ABC Countdown is something that teachers put together so that something cool and exciting happens each day to count down to summer. When there are 26 days left in school, assign each day a letter of the alphabet. For example, the 26th day is A, the 25th day is B, and so on, all the way down to the last day of school which is Z. Have Fun With It There are fewer than 26 school days left in your year, consider spelling out a shorter word, such as the school name, mascot, or even just the word Summer. It doesnt matter so much how long the countdown is, just have fun with it. Examples You Can Use Next, its time to get creative! On A Day, we called it Art Day so the kids got to do a special Art lesson in the classroom. On B Day, we called it Buddy Reading Day so the kids brought books from home that they got to read with a friend during silent reading time. C Day is Career Day and the kids dressed up as a person in the career they would like to enter someday. Future doctors wore white coats and future football players wore their jerseys and brought along a football. The countdown continues like that until the final day of school, Z Day, which stands for Zip Up Your Bags and Zoom Home Day! The kids love the countdown because it gives them something to get excited about each day. We would recommend making up flyers with the information for the students to take home. You might also like to make a copy for each child to keep at school for reference. We would bet your students would tape the sheets to their desks and check it off as each day passed. They would really get into it! If you already have fewer than 26 days left, dont worry! You can still countdown the remaining days with style! Consider spelling out the name of your school, a school motto, or simply the word summer. The skys the limit and there are no rules. Brainstorm with your fellow teachers and see what they come up with! Sound like something you might like to do?   A Art day: Create a special art project in class B Buddy reading: Bring a book to read with a friend C Career day: Dress or bring props to show a job you may enjoy D Donut day: We will enjoy donuts E Experiment day: Experiment with science F Favorite book day: Bring a favorite book G Game day: Your teacher will teach a new math game H Hat day: Wear a hat today I Impromptu speech day: Perform speeches in class J Joke day: Bring an appropriate joke to share at school K Kindness day: Share some extra kindness today L Lollipop Day: Enjoy lollipops in class M Memorial Day: No School N No homework: No homework tonight O Obstacle course: Compete in obstacle courses P Picnic lunch day: Bring a sack lunch Q Quiet Day: Who is the quietest student in our class? R Read a poem day: Bring a favorite poem to share with the class S Summer birthdays and sing a song: You can share birthday treats T Twin day: Dress like a friend U Uplift someone day: Give compliments to each other V Video day: Watch an educational movie today W Water balloon toss day: Compete and try to not get wet X X-change autographs day: Go outside and trade signatures Y Year-end clearance day: Clean up desks and the room Z Zip up your bag and go home day: Last day of school! Have fun with your countdown and enjoy these final days with your class! Testing is over and its time to kick back and enjoy your students to the max! Happy Summer, teachers!

African American Students From Special Education - 1485 Words

The study also implies that all African American students are less likely than their European American colleagues to be withdrawn from special education. These African American students may exhibit lower achievement gains while in special education, according to the U.S. Department of Education, 2004 (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). In 2006, the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights reported that African American students represent 17.13% of the total public school population while they account for more than 26% of the children served in special education classrooms (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). Across all ethnic groups, African American students are at the highest risk of being placed in special education (Harry Klinger, 2006). According to researcher Banks, once labeled as having a learning disability, African American students are less likely to be given the opportunity to be tested out of the remedial classes. (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013) In addition, an African American student who is in special education is more likely to be a male student than a female student according to Banks and Hughes. The Boston Globe reports that there are 1.9 million girls and 3.8 million boys in America classified as special education students (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). Recent educational statistics indicate that African American male students represent only 9% of the total school age population. However, African American Male students accountShow MoreRelatedAn Interview About Special Education920 Words   |  4 Pagesin an interview about the disproportionality of African Americans students in special education programs. In the interest of confidentiality, the interviewee’s name will not be disclosed throughout this paper. To discuss questions surrounding the aforementioned topic, it was important to gather the educator’s experiences about special education programs in general. In her third year of teaching she ta ught in a self-contained classroom, where students had severe and profound disabilities. She quotedRead MoreAfrican American Students And Special Education923 Words   |  4 PagesIn education, the main goal is for all students to receive an equal and optimal opportunity for success, which also includes students with special needs. To ensure this aim is reached, schools ought to have measures in place to establish students who necessitate special education services to achieve and progress in their schooling. Contradictory to this idea, nonetheless, learners are inaccurately referred for special education placement. The process begins to become questionable when it happensRead MoreEducation Is Not Preparation For Life1350 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.† If one accepts the quote by John Dewey to be true, then depriving someone of their education is depriving them of their life. 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Of these students, 74% come from low-income families, 4% are English Learners, 16% are labeled with disabilities, and 1% are homeless. The race and ethnicity of the district population is as follows: 1% are Asian, 46% are African-American, 25% are Hispanic, 23% are white, and 5% are two or more races. There are 822 female students and 876 male students enrolled in school throughoutRead MoreThe Specific Learning Disability992 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionality is defined as the â€Å"overrepresentation† and â€Å"under-representation† of a particular population or demographic group in special or gifted education programs relative to the presence of this group in the overall student population (National Association for Bilingual Education, 2002). So many factors are responsible for this disproportionality, but the key factors, as apparent from researchers are; (1) gender difference, (2) overrepresentation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse CLD populationRead MoreA Personal Reflection Of The Podcast945 Words   |  4 PagesSamuel Otten, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education at the University of Missouri (http://mathed.podomatic.com/entry/2013-06-10T19_14_44-07_00). Chazan and Clark, both professors in the Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership, joined Otten to discuss the Special Issue in Teachers College Record (Vol. 115, No. 2) which focuses on the impact of African American mathematics teachers in urban schools. Interview Summary The Special Issue in Teachers College Record was comprised

Organ Donation - 1636 Words

Compensation for Organ Donation Many people’s lives come to an end earlier than expected. When this happens, families mourn the loss of the loved one. However, do people mourn the loss of another life if the individual is not an organ donor? The National Kidney Foundation believes that â€Å"legalizing payments of human organs† should continue to be opposed, as codified in the third title of the National Organ Transplant Act. (National Kidney Foundation 220). If this title is changed, then there will be multiple unexpected side effects that could corrupt the system of organ donation to people who need the organs. What exactly would define the price of saving a life? Who is paying the cost of the organ? Many things could backlash from the†¦show more content†¦Organ receivers around the country would have to have the money to pay for the organ before having the procedure done. These issues could ultimately affect all economically disadvantaged people in need of organs. The cost of a kidney is easily in the range of thousands to hundred-thousands of dollars. Being paid to donate an organ would include monetary rewards, free or cheaper insurance, or a lower cost of taxes. This may highly appeal to people with lower incomes, or the economically disadvantaged. These statements were released by the National Kidney Foundation: Offering money for organs can be viewed as an attempt to coerce economically disadvantaged Americans to participate in organ donation. Furthermore, since the economically disadvantaged have been shown to be less likely to be organ transplant candidates, financial incentives for organ donation could be characterized as exploitation (National Kidney Foundation 221). This contingency comes to state that the financially disadvantaged are proven to be less likely to donate. Therefore, financial compensation may pressure some people into donating organs despite the health risks. Financial compensation may argue against itself. 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Organ donation mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives, the significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result organ donation mission is toRead MoreOrgan Donation. â€Å"Organ Donation Is Not A Tragedy, But It1112 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation â€Å"Organ donation is not a tragedy, but it can be a beautiful light, in the midst of one† (Unknown). There has been many disbeliefs about donating your organs over the years. The organ demand drastically exceeds the available supply, which is why more people need to be organ donors. People should become organ donors because of the limited availability of organs and the chance to save many lives. Although many people think that if you are an organ donor doctors won’t try as hard toRead MoreOrgan Donation2096 Words   |  9 Pages stat! After applying yourself to be a recipient for a donation, you will be added to the waiting list for that organ. This can take months, if not years. Receiving an organ can be sudden whenever an organ match has been found for you. We should reevaluate organ donation due to someone’s personal religion, inability to benefit the poor, numerous hospital visits, and potential endangerment to their own well being. Therefore, in 2009, organ transplants became a demand everywhere so abruptly thatRead MoreOrgan Donation And Organ Organs Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesOrgan donations have encountered organ donor and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands increase as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation’s mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives. The significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result, the mission of organ donations are toRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Organs1054 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation occurs when a failing or damaged organ, is replaced with a new organ, through a surgical operation. The two sources of organs for donation come from a deceased person and a living person. The organs that are received from a deceased person are called cadaveric organs. A person can indicate on his or her driver’s license if they want to be an organ donor after they die. There are some states that allow for family consent for organ removal, regardless if the deceasedRead MoreIs Organ Donation Or Not?1486 Words   |  6 Pageswill happen if they ever donate their organ/s or tissue’s. Most look upon people who donate organ/s as generous. Others even applaud them for being a lifesaver. The question that lingers on many: Is it proper to charge for the organ donations or not? According to the Mayo Clinic, in United States alone, over 100,000 individuals are in the offing for an organ donation. Regrettably, several individuals may at no time procure the bid that a fit benefactor of an organ matches his or her— one more wagerRead MoreOrgan Donation1163 Words   |  5 PagesBut by becoming an organ donor, you can be able to say â€Å"I will save a life.† Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far too many die before they are provided with a suitable organ. There are many shamesRead Moreorgan donation1007 Words   |  5 Pagesyou would help someone after you have passed on. Organ and tissue donation is a topic that does not get enough attent ion. Ninety-five percent of Americans say that they support donation yet the number of registered donors is much smaller (www.organdonor.gov). Anyone can sign up to be a donor. After death you can donate your organs. Each day 18 people will die waiting on organs. Tissues are also able to be donated. The age of donation do not matter. Some mothers donate the blood of theRead MoreOrgan Donation1237 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Well, my cousin was five years old when

Hamlet the Sentimental Dreamer - 1589 Words

Hamlet: The Sentimental Dreamer The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark is William Shakespeare’s most well-known and analyzed work of literature. As the play unfolds, Hamlet has to face the difficult task of seeking revenge against his uncle, Claudius, for the murder of his father, King Hamlet. Hamlet has captured audiences and readers for centuries and has caused much inquiry and debate. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a very psychologically complex character. Throughout the play, Hamlet conveys two different sides; the young, emotional and intelligent prince, who is committed to honesty and loyalty; and his destructive and impulsive side which led to the death of Polonius and nonchalantly sent Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths as†¦show more content†¦2.2.634-35). This quote means that Hamlet will study Claudius during the performance of the play, and should he change his behavior, he will know that the Ghost’s story was true and he can now take revenge. Even despite the fact .that Hamlet now knows that Claudius killed his father, he still delays his actions. This goes on to show that Hamlet is an intellectual dreamer. Hamlet gets a perfect opportunity to kill Claudius but he neglects to kill him because he is in prayer. Hamlet delays in action of seeking revenge against Claudius when he quotes, â€Å"Now might I do it(pat,) now he is a-praying, and now I’ll do it/ And so he goes to heaven/ And so am I(revenged.) That would be scanned: A villan kills my father, and for that/ I, his sole son, do this same villain send to Heaven† (Ham. 3.3.77-83). Hamlet’s rationale for this was that he assumed Claudius was confessing his sins, and his death would send him to heaven. For Hamlet, taking revenge is just not about killing Claudius, but making sure that he suffers, another deeply thought-out belief. Hamlet is too much of a thinker and not enough of an actor. Even when Hamlet is given the opportunity to carry out his intentions, he delays and re asons himself out of it. Hamlet does have an almost excessive desire to reason everything through thoroughly. As a dreamer, Hamlet is lacking of that strength which would carry him through his actions.

Reflection for Interdisciplinary Collaboration -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theReflection for Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Answer: Collaboration is essential in teamwork. One of the most important features of effective teamwork is collaboration among the team-members (Derry et al. 2014). The various new ways of collaboration that I have successfully learned includes communicating effectively with the teammates, along with creating reliable dependency among each other. While working in a team, I have realised that there are some skills that I posses and some that I need to develop, to be a good team player. Some of my skills, which are effective for being a team player, include communication skills, leadership skills, and coordination skills (Ku et al. 2013). As a successful team member, I am able to communicate effectively, which is essential to work successfully in a team. I am able to communicate clearly and convey the correct information to my team members, thus mitigating the chances of miscommunication and misunderstandings. Moreover, I display effective leadership skills as well. I am able to lead the memb ers of my team towards the successfully completion of the goals. I help my team members, along with helping them to understand the requirement of the project. Moreover, with my effective coordination skills, I am able to assist in coordination of the work, among the team members. Thus, with these skills that I posses, I am able to work successfully as a team member. However, some of the skills that I need to develop include conflict resolution skills, time management skills as well as control of emotions. Conflicts are common in any team. However, it is important that the conflicts are resolved as soon as they occur, before the conflicts are intensified. This is one of the essential skills that I need to develop, in order to ensure better team management. Moreover, time-management is also essential, so that I am able to manage multiple work, in a short period of time. Collaboration is very important in a team. The coordination among the team members was good. However, the lack of responsibility among some of the team members was frustrating. Chosen as a team leader, I had the responsibility to instruct my team members, in order to complete the task given to our team. This was quite a challenge since each of the team members had their own outlook and the differences of opinion that I had with them, created a major issue. However, my team members accepted my leadership well and together we were able to respect the differences of opinion among each other, to ensure the success of the team (Maldonado and Vera 2014). The difficulties were in the differences of opinion that I had with my team members. However, with the skills of conflict resolution, we were able to ensure the successful mitigation of the difficulties. I should ensure that the team members understand the differences of opinion successfully and come to a common conclusion so that conflicts could be resolved. Giving instructions is difficult since the person receiving the instructions might not be aligned successfully to work according to the given instructions. The person to whom I am instructing, might have a different way of working, thus creating conflicts. ` The key changes that are needed in order to ensure effective behaviour as an engineer, includes time management and self-management (Robertson 2016). Time management has a key role to play in the lives of engineers, as a number to tasks are to be carried out simultaneously, as an engineer, and without time-management, it is not possible. Self-management skills need to be enhanced as well. Ethics play an important role in the lives of an engineer. I need to abide by the ethical standards in order to ensure that the ethics of working are successfully met. As an engineer, being unethical is not desirable. I should ensure that I abide with the values and moral imparted to me as a person as well as a professional, in order to ensure that I abide with the ethics. Changes in the behaviour need to be made, such that as engineers, the given work could be completed successfully. Positivity in the behaviour, along with the diligence to work successfully, to achieved the goals that are set, has to be incorporated. The changes in the behaviour ensure that the changes in the working culture are also initiated. Time management has a key role to play. It is essential that effective planning be done, in order to manage the time. Without effective planning, time management cannot be done (Rosemann and vom Brocke 2015). Moreover, multiple task has to be scheduled according to the priority of each task, such that each of the tasks are completed successfully on time (Schoemaker et al. 2013). The best behaviour in time management is planning and scheduling. Planning has to be done diligently, along with abiding strictly to the plan. Deflection from the plan is not effective in time management. The worst behaviour in time-management is lack of planning, missing the set deadlines, as well as lack of prioritisation of the work. Therefore, I need to ensure that I do not miss the schedules, which I have made, as a part of my planning. The career that I would like to pursue is that of a Software engineer. I want to pursue this career, since it is my passion. Moreover, I would like to find my employment in a well-established multi-national company. The technical skills as well as the professional skills that I posses, needs to be fully used as a professional. While working in a multinational company, the various skills that I might need includes effective communication skills, presentation skills, diplomacy. The skills that I posse includes my technical skills as a software engineer, such as programming skills, software skills so that I am able to find employment in the multinational company of my choice. Thus, as an engineer, it is essential that I chose to pursue such a career that suits my personality traits, the best, so that I am able to align my personality with the profession. References Derry, S.J., Schunn, C.D. and Gernsbacher, M.A. eds., 2014.Interdisciplinary collaboration: An emerging cognitive science. Psychology Press. Ku, H.Y., Tseng, H.W. and Akarasriworn, C., 2013. Collaboration factors, teamwork satisfaction, and student attitudes toward online collaborative learning.Computers in Human Behavior,29(3), pp.922-929. Maldonado, T. and Vera, D., 2014. Leadership skills for international crises: The role of cultural intelligence and improvisation.Organizational Dynamics,43(4), pp.257-265. Robertson, J., 2016.Coaching leadership: Building educational leadership capacity through partnership. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. PO Box 3237, Wellington 6140 New Zealand. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schoemaker, P.J., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), pp.131-134.

Al Qaeda Training Manual free essay sample

A purported training manual for the Al Qaeda group was found by Manchester police in 2001 and released by the American Department of Justice around the same time. Translated from the Arabic, it outlines ways that members of the global jihad should act in the long-term goal of creating an all-Muslim ruled state. There are anecdotes about manners of behavior, lines from the Quran, and detailed lists of activities members should partake in to plan for â€Å"operations† against the non-Muslim community and leadership.This manual, if accepted as true Al Qaeda doctrine, has several implications for the counterterrorism community that all show the difficulty of an organized method for finding potential terror cells. The most important of these is the near-impossibility of detecting terrorists versus non-terrorists. The main reason for this is that in the manual potential terrorists are instructed as much as possible to blend into their environment. There is a variety of ways in which this can be done, including becoming clean-shaven in passport photos to deter any suspicions of strict Islam adherence (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Al Qaeda Training Manual or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 24,) the ability to speak the foreign country language well (p. 18), and â€Å"the ability to conceal oneself† (p. 21-22) to match the country in which the nascent terrorist resides. This forces counterterrorism officials to be almost paranoid in their detection of terrorists.This manual is aimed at a Muslim audience, but there is no way to discern Muslims from non-Muslims on the street, particularly if the Muslims are taking extra steps to appear secular. While it is true that this manual is written in Arabic and therefore singles out Arabs for purported questioning, this is not a precise screening method. Second, this document not only results in a weak method of spotting terrorists from a racial standpoint, but results in complications for financial transaction monitoring, as well. The manual dictates that users diversify all funds (p. 24) and not tell other â€Å"Organization† members about the location of these funds. This makes it difficult to trace terrorist monetary transactions. It also allows for safety of allocated funds if one member of the cell is caught and questioned as to the whereabouts of the remaining money of the entire organization.Finally, the document lists emotional or mental criteria such as intelligence, patience, and caution that make it nearly impossible to externally monitor suspects.These aspects make it extremely difficult to identify possible terrorists. However, the manual does provide some guidance in formulating hypothetical counterterrorism operations benchmarks. The first step would be to target any physical characteristics that are measured in the document. These include â€Å"free of illness,† (p. 18) and strict adherents of Islam which means that, theoretically, young men arriving from the Middle East should be targeted the most (Islam places an emphasis on men accomplishing tasks.) They may look freshly shaved or still have thick beards.For a more solid analysis, legal passport activity should be monitored. The training guide mentions that each member should change their name on their passport and not include any family members, as well as change his picture to include a version of the member as unshaved. They should also be in possession of multiple passports (p. 24). Details such as passport forgeries make terrorists easier to track, especially as they cross international borders.Finally, checks should be performed on frequent apartment renters or those who choose to rent but don’t have permanent citizenship in the country. The manual outlines specific procedures for apartment renting, indicating that members should rent in newer areas to avoid suspicion and hang signs, such as towels or pillows, so other members of the cell can join. The counterterrorism officials should be in cooperation with local officials to report suspicious activity in residential markets.In short, based on the Al Qaeda training manual, counterterrorism will not be easy in the years to come because of the specific ways of blending in that the manual suggests. However, with careful vigilance, the process of finding terrorists can be refined to be successful. Works Cited (2004). Al Qaeda Training Manual. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from Department of Justice.HR Training Class